Katrina - help
On
August 29, Katrina's storm surge caused several breaches in levees around
New Orleans. Most of the city was subsequently flooded, as the breached
drainage and navigation canals allowed water to flow from the lake into
low areas of the city and Saint Bernard Parish. Storm surge also devastated
the coasts of Mississippi and Alabama, making Katrina the most destructive
and costliest natural disaster in the history of the United States, and
the deadliest hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane. The total
damage from Katrina is estimated at $81.2 billion (2005 U.S. dollars),
nearly double the cost of the previously most expensive storm, Hurricane
Andrew, when adjusted for inflation.
As of May 19, 2006, the confirmed death toll (total of direct and indirect deaths) stood at 1,836, mainly from Louisiana (1,577) and Mississippi (238). However, 705 people remain categorized as missing in Louisiana, so this number is not final even a year after the storm. Many of the deaths are indirect, but it is almost impossible to determine the exact cause of some of the fatalities.
Federal disaster declarations covered 90,000 square miles (233,000 km²) of the United States, an area almost as large as the United Kingdom. The hurricane left an estimated three million people without electricity. On September 3, 2005, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff described the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina as "probably the worst catastrophe, or set of catastrophes," in the country's history, referring to the hurricane itself plus the flooding of New Orleans.
The
economic effects of the storm were far-reaching. As of April 2006, the
Bush Administration has sought $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction
in the region, and this does not account for damage to the economy caused
by potential interruption of the oil supply, destruction of the Gulf Coast's
highway infrastructure, and exports of commodities such as grain. Katrina
damaged or destroyed 30 oil platforms and caused the closure of nine refineries;
the total shut-in oil production from the Gulf of Mexico in the six-month
period following Katrina was approximately 24% of the annual production
and the shut-in gas production for the same period was about 18%. The
forestry industry in Mississippi was also affected, as 1.3 million acres
of forest lands were destroyed. The total loss to the forestry industry
from Katrina is calculated to rise to about $5 billion. Furthermore, hundreds
of thousands of local residents were left unemployed, which will have
a trickle-down effect as fewer taxes are paid to local governments. Before
the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm
jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans. It is estimated that the total
economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion.
Katrina redistributed New Orleans' population across the southern United States. Houston, Texas, had an increase of 35,000 people; Mobile, Alabama, gained over 24,000; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, over 15,000; and Hammond, Louisiana received over 10,000, nearly doubling its size. Chicago received over 6,000 people, the most of any non-southern city. By late January, 2006, about 200,000 people were once again living in New Orleans, less than half of the pre-storm population. By July 1, 2006, when new population estimates were calculated by the U.S. Census Bureau, the state of Louisiana showed a population decline of 219,563, or 4.87%. Additionally, insurance companies have stopped insuring the area because of the high costs from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, or have raised insurance premiums to cover their risk.